Inkcazo: Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji ngexesha lesantya kunye nemodyuli, usetyenziso lwe-automation yenkqubo yerobhothi yenzeka ngokwenyani. Kweli phepha inkqubo yerobhothi yokufumanisa umqobo echazwe ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo. Izinzwa ze-ultrasonic kunye ne-rinfrared zenziwa ukuba zikwazi ukwahlula imiqobo kwindlela yerobhothi ngokunika imiqondiso kwi-microcontroller ene-anrinterfaced. Isilawuli esincinci siphambukisa irobhothi ukuba ihambise indlela ebambeleyo ngokuxhokonxa iimotor kwisicelo sokuhlala kude nomqobo owahlukileyo. Uvavanyo lomboniso lwesakhelo lubonisa ukuchaneka kweepesenti ezingama-85 kunye ne-0.15 yokuphoxeka komntu ngamnye. Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke into, isekethe yokufumanisa umqobo yenziwa ngokusebenzayo kusetyenziswa izinzwa ze-infrared kunye ne-ultrasonic ezazixhonywe kwiphaneli.
1. Intshayelelo
Ukusetyenziswa kunye noyilo oluneenkalo ezininzi zeerobhothi eziguquguqukayo zinyathelo ngenyathelo lokwakha yonke imihla. Bathe gqolo behambela phambili kwiisetingi zokwenyani kwii-diflerentlfields, umzekelo, ezomkhosi, amabala ezonyango, uhlolo lwasesithubeni, kunye nogcino lwendlu ngokwesiko . Uphuhliso luphawu olubalulekileyo lweerobhothi eziguquguqukayo ekuthinteleni umqobo kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ichaphazela kakhulu indlela abantu abasabela ngayo kwaye babone isakhiwo esizimeleyo. Umbono we-PC kunye noluhlu loluvo ziinkqubo ezisisiseko zobungqina obubonakalayo obusetyenziswa kwi-ID yerobhothi. I-PC yobungqina bobungqina bunzulu kwaye bugqithise kakhulu kunesicwangciso soluhlu lwezinzwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oilradar, i-infrared (IR) kunye ne-ultrasonic sensors ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqaphela umqobo yaqala ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha njengenkqubo yokuqaphela umqobo. Ngeminyaka yee-1980. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, emva kovavanyo olu nkqubela-phambili kwacingwa ukuba uphuhliso lweradar lolona lufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa njengoko ezinye iindlela ezimbini zokukhetha ukuqhubela phambili zathatyathelwa kwizithintelo zokusingqongileyo, umzekelo, isaqhwithi, umkhenkce, usuku lweholide kunye nomhlaba. . Indlela yesixhobo sokulinganisa ibiluphuhliso olunengqiqo ngokwasezimalini nganye kule kwaye yintoni eza kubuya [3]. Izixhobo zoluvo azibonakali zithintelwe kubungqina obubonakalayo bomqobo. Izinzwa ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokumelwa kwezityalo kwizityalo, ukuvumela irobhothi ezilawulayo ukuba ibonelele ngesichumiso esifanelekileyo ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo, ebonisa izityalo ezahlukeneyo njengoko kuchazwe ngu.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-IOT ekuhlakulelweni okubandakanya ukuqokelelwa kolwazi oluqhubekayo malunga nemozulu yangoku ebandakanya uhlaselo lwenkathazo, ubugwenxa, ubushushu, imvula njalo njalo. Ngelo xesha ulwazi oluqokelelweyo lunokusetyenziselwa iindlela zokulima kwaye lunokufundiswa ekukhetheni ukubala ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wokunciphisa ingozi kunye nokuchitha, kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi elindeleke ukugcina isivuno . Umzekelo, abafuyi ngoku banokujonga ukufuma komhlaba kunye nobushushu befama ukusuka kwindawo ekude kwaye basebenzise imisebenzi efunekayo yokulima ngokuthe ngqo .
2.Indlela yokusebenza kunye nokuPhunyezwa
Inkqubo ephononongwayo kweli phepha iphuma kwezi zigaba zilandelayo. Ngapha koko, ulwazi olubhaqiweyo lukhathalelwa ngebhodi yeArduino ekugqibeleni ilungiswe yinkqubo yeArduino [8]. Umzobo webhloko wenkqubo uboniswe kuMzobo 1.
Umfanekiso 1:Umzobo webhlokhi wenkqubo
Ukuqhubela phambili kwesakhelo kufuna i-Arduino UNO yokuphatha i-sensor (i-Echo ultrasonic sensor) ulwazi kunye neflegi ye-actuator (iinjini ze-DC) ukuze ziqhube. Imodyuli yeBluetooth iyadingeka kwimbalelwano kunye nesakhelo kunye neengxenye zayo. Isakhelo sonke sidityaniswa ngebhodi yesonka. Ubuqili bezi zixhobo bunikwe ngezantsi:
2.1Isivamvo se-ultrasonic
Umzobo 2. Kukho inzwa ye-ultrasonic ejikeleze isithuthi esisetyenziselwa ukuqaphela nawuphi na umqobo. Inzwa ye-ultrasonic ihambisa amaza omsindo kwaye ibonakalisa isandi esivela kwinto. Kwinqanaba apho into isiqephu samaza e-ultrasonic, ukubonakaliswa kwamandla kwenzeka ukuya kwii-180 degrees. Kwimeko apho umqobo usondele kwisiqendu amandla abonakaliswa emva kwexesha elide. Kwimeko apho into ikude, ngelo xesha uphawu olubonakalisiweyo luya kuthatha ixesha elithile elilinganiselweyo ukufika kumamkeli.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 Isivamvo se-ultrasonic
2.2Ibhodi yeArduino
I-Arduino yiNxulumaniso kwi-Nursing evulekileyo yokubonelela ngesixhobo kunye nenkqubo eya kudala umthengi ukuba azame ukwenza umsebenzi onamandla kuyo. I-Arduino inokuba yi-microcontroller. Ezi zixhobo zokulawula i-microcontroller zinceda ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni amanqaku phantsi kweemeko eziqhubekayo, kwimozulu. La maphepha afikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi emarikeni. Kukho izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenziwayo kuyo, nangoku isaqhubeka . Ibhodi yeArduino iboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi wesi-3.
Umfanekiso 3:Ibhodi yeArduino
2.3DC Motors
Kwimoto eqhelekileyo ye-DC, kukho iimagnethi ezingapheliyo ngaphandle kwakhona, i-armature ejikayo ngaphakathi. Kanye xa usebenzisa amandla kulo magnethi we-electromagnetic, yenza indawo enomtsalane kwi-armature etsala kwaye ijike iimagnethi kwi-stator. Ke, i-armature ijika nge-180 degrees. Ivele kumfanekiso 4 ongezantsi.
Umfanekiso 4:DC Motor
3. Iziphumo kunye neNgxoxo
Esi sakhiwo esicetywayo sibandakanya i-gear efana ne-Arduino UNO, into enganyamezelekiyo yokuva, ibhodi yesonka, imiqondiso yokubona imiqobo kunye nokukhanyisa umthengi ngokubhekiselele kumqobo, ii-LED ezibomvu, ii-Switches, i-Jumper interface, ibhanki yamandla, i-Male kunye ne-feminine header sticks, nayiphi na into. izinto ezininzi nezincamathelayo ukwenza isixhobo sinxitywe kubathengi njengebhendi yezemidlalo. Ucingo lwe-contraption lwenziwa kwi-Associate in Nursing after-way. Iringer yomhlaba elungisa ikristale iqhagamshelwe kwi-Arduino GND. I + ve iqhagamshelwe kwi-LED ye-Arduino pin 5 kunye nomlenze ophakathi wokutshintsha. I-Buzzer idibaniswe nomlenze oqhelekileyo wokutshintsha.
Ngasekupheleni, emva kokuba zonke izivumelwano zenziwe kwibhodi ye-Arduino hambisa ikhowudi kwibhodi ye-Arduino kwaye unyanzelise iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa ibhanki yamandla okanye i-force deftly. Indawo esecaleni kwimodeli ecwangcisiweyo iboniswe ngezantsi kumfanekiso wesi-5.
Umfanekiso 5:Imbono esecaleni yemodeli eyilwe yokuFumana imiqobo
Isixhobo se-ultrasonic sensing apha sisetyenziswa njengefowuni yaseFransi. Amaza e-ultrasonic athunyelwa yi-transmitter nje ukuba izinto ziqondwe. nganye isidluliseli kunye nendawo yabaxhamli ngaphakathi kwe-ultrasonic sensing element. sinotyekelo lokubala ixesha eliphakathi kophawu olunikiweyo nolufunyenweyo. Ipasile phakathi komba kunye nesivamvo isonjululwa kusetyenziswa oku. Kanye emva kokuba sinyusile ukwahlukana phakathi kwenqaku kwaye ke into yovamvo umphetho wengcinga unokuncipha. Isixhobo sokuvalela sinodityaniso lwezidanga ezingamashumi amathandathu. Isakhelo sokugqibela serobhothi sivele ngaphantsi komzobo 6.
Umfanekiso 6:Isakhelo seRobhothi esiQinisiweyo siphambi kokujonga
Isakhelo esidaliweyo sazanywa ngokubeka umqobo kwizahlulo ezahlukeneyo kwindlela yaso. Iimpendulo zezivamvo ziye zavavanywa ngokwahlukeneyo, kuba zazimi kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwerobhothi ezilawulayo.
4. Isiphelo
Ukufunyanwa kunye nesakhelo sokuphepha seNkqubo ye-automaton ezenzekelayo. Iiseti ezi-2 ze-heterogonous sensors zisetyenziselwe ukuvuma imiqobo kwindlela ye-automaton enokuthuthwa. Ibakala lenyaniso kunye namathuba amancinane okuphoxeka ayengazukufa. Uvavanyo kwisakhelo sasimahla lubonisa ukuba sixhotyiselwe ukuphepha imiqobo, ukukwazi ukuhlala kude nengozi kunye nokuguqula indawo yayo. Ngokucacileyo, ngolu lungiselelo lula oluphawuleka ngakumbi lunokongezwa kule nto inenjongo yokwenza imida eyahlukeneyo ngokusondeleyo kungenelelo olungenaziro lwabantu. Okokugqibela, usebenzisa i-IR, irobhothi yayilungele ukulawulwa kude. umxhamli kunye nomlawuli okude. Esi senzo siya kuba luncedo kwimozulu engenabuhlobo, ukhuselo nokhuseleko kwiindawo zesizwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2022